Theory:-
1.Cooling tower:
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or in the case of closed circuit dry cooling tower rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
2.Cooling tower Pump:
3.Transmission:
Electric power transmission or "high voltage electric transmission" is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to substations located near population centers.
4.Transformer:
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF), or "voltage", in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual induction.
5.Generator:
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electrons in the windings to flow through the external electrical circuit.
6.Steam turbine:
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.
7.condensate pump:
A condensate pump is a specific type of pump used to pump the condensate (water) produced in an HVAC (heating or cooling), refrigeration, condensing boiler furnace or steam system. They may be used to pump the condensate produced from latent water vapor in any of the following gas mixtures:
- Conditioned (cooled or heated) building air
- Refrigerated air in cooling and freezing systems
- Steam in heat exchangers and radiators
- The exhaust stream of very-high-efficiency furnaces
Surface condenser is the commonly used term for a water-cooled shell and tube heat ex changer installed on the exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations.These condensers are heat ex changers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Where cooling water is in short supply, an air-cooled condenser is often used.
10.Control valves:
Control valves are valves used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature, and liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing in response to signals received from controllers that compare a "setpoint" to a "process variable" whose value is provided by sensors that monitor changes in such conditions.
12.Deaerator:
A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the feedwater to steam-generating boilers. In particular, dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwaters will cause serious corrosion damage in steam systems by attaching to the walls of metal piping and other metallic equipment and forming oxides (rust).
13.Feedwater heater:
A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to a steam generating boiler.
for more details in feedwater heater click here Feedwater.pdf
14.Coal Conveyor:
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling
equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors
are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of
heavy or bulky materials.
16.Coal Pulverizer:
A pulverizer or grinder is a mechanical device for the grinding of many different types of materials. For example, they are used to pulverize coal for combustion in the steam-generating furnaces of fossil fuel power plants.
17.Steam Drum:
A steam drum is a standard feature of a water-tube boiler.
It is a reservoir of water/steam at the top end of the water tubes. The
drum stores the steam generated in the water tubes and acts as a phase-separator for the steam/water mixture.
18.Bottom ash hopper:
Bottom ash refers to part of the non-combustible residues of combustion. In an industrial context, it usually refers to coal
combustion and comprises traces of combustibles embedded in forming
clinkers and sticking to hot side walls of a coal-burning furnace
during its operation. The portion of the ash that escapes up the
chimney or stack is, however, referred to as fly ash. The clinkers fall by themselves into the water or sometimes by poking manually, and get cooled.
19.Superheater:
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into dry steam
used for power generation or processes. There are three types of
superheaters namely: radiant, convection, and separately fired.
A radiant superheater is placed directly in the combustion chamber.
A convection superheater is located in the path of the hot gases.
A separately fired superheater, as its name implies, is totally separated from the boiler.
A steam boiler component in which heat is added to
intermediate-pressure steam, which has given up some of its energy in
expansion through the high-pressure turbine.
22.Combustion air intake:
Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame.
23.Economizer:
Economizers are
mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform
another useful function such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is used for other purposes as well. Boiler, powerplant, and heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning.
24.Air preheater:
An air preheater (APH) is a general term to describe any device designed to heat air before another process (for example, combustion in a boiler) with the primary objective of increasing the thermal efficiency of the process. They may be used alone or to replace a recuperative heat system or to replace a steam coil.
25.Electostatic precipitator:
An electrostatic precipitator is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration
devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and
can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from
the air stream.
27.Flue-gas stack:
A flue-gas stack is a type of chimney, a vertical pipe, channel or similar structure through which combustion product gases called flue gases are exhausted to the outside air. Flue gases are produced when coal, oil, natural gas, wood or any other fuel is combusted in an industrial furnace, a power plant's steam-generating boiler, or other large combustion device.
9.Intermediate pressure steam turbine
10.High pressure steam turbine
20.Forced draught (draft) fan
26. Induced draught (draft) fan
